This list is composed by the ISI Committee on the History of Statistics. It is ordered by surname/last name.
| Life | Name | Famous for |
|---|---|---|
| 1719-1722 | Gottfried Achenwall | coined German word Statistik |
| 1927-2009 | Hirotugo Akaike | model selection |
| 801-873 | Abu Al-Kindi | statistical cryptography |
| 1667-1735 | John Arbuthnot | test of hypothesis of gender ratio |
| 1701-1761 | Thomas Bayes | inverse probability |
| 1700-1782 | Daniel Bernoulli | logarithmic utility |
| 1878-1956 | Felix Bernstein | statistical analysis of blood group inheritance |
| 1821-1883 | Louis-Adolphe Bertillon | demography |
| 1945-2010 | Julian Besag | spatial lattice models |
| 1784-1846 | Friedrich Bessel | probable error |
| 1919-2010 | David Blackwell | estimation, game theory |
| 1711-1787 | Roger Boscovich | least absolute deviations |
| 1919-2013 | George Box | time series |
| 1811-1863 | Auguste Bravais | theoretical regression |
| 1789-1857 | Augustin Louis Cauchy | minimizing largest error |
| 1912-1979 | Jerome Cornfield | clinical trials |
| 1900-1978 | Gertrude Cox | experimental design |
| 1924-now | David Cox | proportional hazards |
| 1893-1985 | Harald Cramér | mathematical basis of statistics |
| 1906-1985 | Bruno de Finetti | Bayesian statistics |
| 1900-1993 | W. Edwards Deming | quality control |
| 1938-now | Bradley Efron | bootstrap |
| 1897-1883 | William Farr | statistical visualization, medical statistics |
| 1890-1962 | Ronald Fisher | likelihood, significance test |
| 1768-1830 | Joseph Fourier | testing difference of two proportions |
| 1822-1911 | Francis Galton | empirical regression |
| 1777-1855 | Carl Friedrich Gauss | Gauss-Markov theorem, delta method |
| 1809-1890 | Jules Gavarret | fixed significance level testing in medicine |
| 1884-1965 | Corrado Gini | index of inequality |
| 1908-1955 | Meyer Abraham Girschick | decision theory |
| 1620-1674 | John Graunt | demography |
| 1802-1866 | André-Michel Guerry | criminal statistics, statistical graphics |
| 1891-1966 | Emil Julius Gumbel | statistics of extremes |
| 1911-1999 | Trygve Haavelmo | foundations of econometrics |
| 1926-1974 | Jaroslav Hájek | asymptotics |
| 1656-1742 | Edmund Halley | actuarial science |
| 1910-1990 | Morris Hansen | sampling |
| 1897-1991 | Austin Bradford Hill | randomized clinical trials |
| 1895-1973 | Harold Hotelling | confidence intervals |
| 1891-1989 | Harold Jeffreys | Bayes factors |
| 1835-1882 | Stanley Jevons | index numbers |
| 1884-1961 | Truman Kelley | coefficient of reliability |
| 1838-1919 | Anders Kiaer | survey sampling |
| 1903-1987 | Andrei Kolmogorov | optimal estimation, time series |
| 1919-2013 | Danie Krige | spatial estimation |
| 1749-1827 | Pierre-Simon Laplace | inverse probability, ratio estimation |
| 1924-2000 | Lucien Le Cam | asymptotics |
| 1752-1833 | André-Marie Legendre | least squares |
| 1917-2009 | Erich Lehmann | testing |
| 1837-1914 | William Lexis | time series |
| 1923-2013 | Dennis Lindley | decision theory |
| 1893-1972 | P. C. Mahalanobis | multivariate distance |
| 1895-1933 | Lucien March | visualization of statistical distributions |
| 1930-2000 | Georges Matheron | geostatistics, mathematical morphology |
| 1723-1762 | Tobias Mayer | combining astronomical measurements |
| 1924-2010 | John Nelder | generalized linear model |
| 1894-1981 | Jerzy Neyman | hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, spatial cluster models |
| 1820-1910 | Florence Nightingale | data visualization |
| 1924-2016 | Ingram Olkin | meta-analysis |
| 1895-1980 | Egon Pearson | hypothesis testing |
| 1857-1936 | Karl Pearson | chi-square test, P-value |
| 1623-1687 | William Petty | estimation |
| 1897-1993 | E.J.G. Pitman | invariant and equivariant estimators |
| 1723-1791 | Richard Price | demography |
| 1796-1874 | Adolphe Quetelet | anthropometry |
| 1920-now | C.R. Rao | optimal unbiased estimation |
| 1839-1914 | Charles Saunders Peirce | randomized experimentation |
| 1917-1971 | Leonard Jimmie Savage | Bayesian statistics |
| 1917-1988 | Elizabeth Scott | spatial cluster models |
| 1876-1937 | William Sealy Gosset | t-test |
| 1793-1859 | Lemuel Shattuck | public health |
| 1891-1967 | Walter Shewhart | quality control |
| 1710-1761 | Thomas Simpson | least deviation regression |
| 1878-1939 | Kirstine Smith | optimal design of experiments 1918 |
| 1863-1945 | Charles Spearman | factor analysis |
| 1920-2016 | Charles Stein | shrinkage estimation |
| 1838-1910 | Thorvald Thiele | analysis of variance |
| 1915-2000 | John Tukey | robust statistics, fast Fourier transform, exploratory data |
| 1912-1954 | Alan Turing | cryptography |
| 1883-1953 | Richard von Mises | directional data |
| 1902-1950 | Abraham Wald | sequential analysis |
| 1891-1983 | Helen Walker | history of statistical education |
| 1717-1783 | Pehr Wargentin | demography |
| 1947-1975 | Robert Wedderburn | generalized linear model |
| 1892-1965 | Frank Wilcoxon | rank tests |
| 1816-1894 | Theodor Wittstein | coined German term mathematische Statistik 1863 |
| 1871-1951 | Udny Yule | time series |